Childhood exposure linked to higher problem gambling risk in Ireland

Problem gambling is significantly more common among adults who were exposed to gambling during childhood, according to new research published by Ireland’s Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).

The study, commissioned by the Gambling Regulatory Authority of Ireland (GRAI), analysed anonymous survey responses from more than 1,600 adults, examining links between current gambling behaviour and experiences before the age of 18. 

Researchers controlled for social and demographic factors to isolate the impact of early exposure. 

The findings indicate that individuals who gambled as children were almost twice as likely to experience problem gambling in adulthood. 

Having a parent who gambled increased the likelihood of problem gambling by approximately one-third, while growing up in a household where gambling was viewed positively produced a similar effect.

The highest risk was observed among those exposed to multiple factors. Adults who both gambled during childhood and had a parent who gambled frequently were found to be four times more likely to experience problem gambling later in life. 

The research also showed that childhood gambling was widespread. A majority of respondents reported engaging in some form of gambling before turning 18, most commonly through slot machines, scratch cards, betting on horse or dog racing, informal gambling with friends, bingo and lotteries.

ESRI Senior Research Officer Dr Shane Timmons, who authored the report, said the findings point to long-term consequences of early normalisation. 

He noted that the results strengthen the case for preventative regulation, particularly in light of estimates suggesting around one in 30 adults in Ireland currently experiences problem gambling. 

GRAI Chief Executive Anne Marie Caulfield said the research highlights the need for a regulatory framework that prioritises child protection and early intervention. She added that the authority has published new guidance for parents, developed in collaboration with HSE Addiction Services, to support conversations with children about gambling-related risks.

Earlier this month, the League of Ireland launched a nationwide gambling awareness programme targeting players, officials and academy staff, reflecting growing emphasis on early education and harm prevention within Irish sport.